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車型分類
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    避開中國的威脅?HONDA新製程將減少稀土金屬用量  
AUTONET記者:Chappy(07/15/2016星期五)
日前,HONDA發出了一份看似普通,卻引出各界諸多揣測的新聞稿,說明HONDA研發出採用全新製程的新款油電混合引擎。而全新製程中的最大特點,也是最引起多方爭論的部分,便是減少稀土金屬的使用。HONDA於新聞稿中也表示,新款油電混合引擎,最快將於下一季上市。

這次HONDA公布了新的引擎製程,其中對大的改變在於其油電混合系統的馬達中所使用的磁鐵材質。以往,HONDA油電混合車的磁鐵材質均以鋱金屬或鏑金屬等稀土元素製成,但HONDA在和日本大同特殊鋼株式会社合作後,研發出應用熱變形技術的新製程,並以釹金屬取代原本使用的鋱和鏑。根據HONDA表示,新製程將能降低一成的引擎製造成本,並減少8%的車重。

然而,外界關注的焦點卻集中在減少鋱和鏑等稀土金屬的使用,並延伸出不少中日情結的討論。原因在於,全球生產的稀土元素有90%來自中國。稀土元素雖然在地殼含量並不低,但由於分布不集中,蘊藏量價值能超過開採成本的礦脈並不多,造成市場交易量少而稀有。但開採稀土金屬是製造電池的必要材料之一,隨著電動車和油電混合車的日益盛行,已有調查指出對稀土金屬的需求量以14%的年增量持續攀升,到2019年時將具有90億美金的產值。屆時掌握有全世界90%產量的中國,將能一舉控制全球電動車、油電混合車市場。

而即便HONDA新採用的釹元素仍為稀土元素的一種,但釹元素在澳洲及北美、中國等地均有穩定生產,讓生產材料及成本不容易被單方面控制。而採用新製程的新款油電混合系統將首先搭載於採用Fit平台、並將今年秋季發售的全新HONDA Freed。若新車款能夠締造不錯的銷售成績,相信屆時擴大配置新款引擎至旗下其他車型的可能性也會大增。

世界稀土產量(單位:公噸) (紅:中國 / 藍:美國 / 黃:其他地區)

 
 
HONDA 美日/本田Freed
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